Luận văn;luận văn thạc sĩ;luận án tiến sĩ;tài liệu; khóa luận tốt nghiệp; báo cáo khoa học;đồ án tốt nghiệp;khoán luận 23052015093350
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Did You Know?
The 12 most frequently used words in written English are:
the, of, and, a, to in, is, you, that, it, he, for
■ The English language dates back to the 400s, when Germanic tribes, including
Angles and Saxons, invaded the island that came to be known (because of the
Angles) as England. The epic poem Beowulf was written down in about 1000 in
the Anglo-Saxon language, known as Old English. Middle English developed
following the 1066 invasion of the Normans, who came from France. Geof-
frey Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales (completed in about 1400) is written in Middle
English. Modern English originated in the 16th century. The works of William
Shakespeare (1564–1616) are often cited as the beginning of Modern English.
■ Figures regarding the average American’s total vocabulary vary greatly, from
fewer than 5,000 words to more than 20,000. One major reason for this is that re-
searchers differ in the way in which they count the words. For example, if a per-
son knows the meaning of jump, some researchers assume that the person also
knows the meaning of its derivatives (jumps, jumped, jumping, jumper, jumpers,
jumpy), so they give credit for all of those words. Other researchers exclude de-
rivatives, so in the case of jump, they would give credit for only one word.
■ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog contains every letter in the Eng-
lish alphabet. (This kind of sentence is called a pangram.)
■ No words in the English language rhyme with orange, month, purple, or silver.
■ Set is the English word that has the most definitions (the Oxford English Dic-
tionary lists 192).
■ Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconioisis (a lung disease) is the lon-
gest word in the English language that appears in a major dictionary. Screeched
is the longest one-syllable English word. Rhythms is the longest English word
that does not contain a, e, i, o, or u.
■ Strength is the only eight-letter English word that contains only one vowel.
Indivisibility is the only English word in which one vowel occurs six times.
■ Almost is the shortest English word whose letters all appear in alphabetical order.
■ Bookkeeper is the only English word that contains three consecutive sets of
double letters. Deeded is the only English word consisting of two letters used
three times each.
■ Dreamt is the only English word that ends in -mt. Tremendous, horrendous, stu-
pendous, and hazardous are the only English words that end in -dous. Vacuum,
continuum, and residuum are the only English words that contain uu.
■ Queue is the only English word whose pronunciation does not change when its
last four letters are removed.
Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
Building Vocabulary for College
Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
Building Vocabulary for College
Eighth Edition
R. Kent Smith
Copyright © by Wadsworth, Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.
Australia • Brazil • Japan • Korea • Mexico • Singapore • Spain • United Kingdom • United States
Part One • iii
Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
This is an electronic version of the print textbook. Due to electronic rights restrictions, some third party content may
be suppressed. Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall
learning experience. The publisher reserves the right to remove content from this title at any time if subsequent rights
restrictions require it. For valuable information on pricing, previous editions, changes to current editions, and
alternate formats, please visit www.cengage.com/highered to search by ISBN#, author, title, or keyword for
materials in your areas of interest.
Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
Building Vocabulary for College, © 2012 Wadsworth, Cengage Learning
Eighth Edition
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright
R. Kent Smith
herein may be reproduced, transmitted, stored or used in any form or by
Publisher/Executive Editor: Lyn Uhl any means graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including but not limited to
photocopying, recording, scanning, digitizing, taping, Web distribution,
Development Editor: Melanie Opacki
information networks, or information storage and retrieval systems, except
Media Editor: Amy Gibbons as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright
Assistant Editor: Janine Tangney Act, without the prior written permission of the publisher.
Marketing Manager: Kirsten Stoller
For product information and technology assistance, contact us at
Marketing Communications Manager: Stacey Cengage Learning Customer & Sales Support, 1-800-354-9706
Purviance
Content Project Management: For permission to use material from this text or product,
PreMediaGlobal submit all requests online at cengage.com/permissions
Further permissions questions can be emailed to
Cengage Learning Art Director: Jill Ort
[email protected]
Print Buyer: Susan Spencer
Senior Image Rights Specialist: Jennifer
Library of Congress Control Number: 2010935208
Meyer Dare
Cover Designer: Steven Schirra Student Edition:
Cover Image: ©iStockphoto ISBN-10: 0-495-90636-0
Compositor: PreMediaGlobal ISBN-13: 978-0-495-90636-0
Wadsworth
20 Channel Center Street
Boston, MA 02210
USA
Cengage Learning is a leading provider of customized learning solutions
with office locations around the globe, including Singapore, the United
Kingdom, Australia, Mexico, Brazil, and Japan. Locate your local office at:
www.cengage.com/global
Cengage Learning products are represented in Canada by Nelson
Education, Ltd.
To learn more about Wadsworth, visit www.cengage.com/wadsworth
Purchase any of our products at your local college store or at our preferred
online store www.cengagebrain.com
Printed in the United States of America
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 14 13 12 11 10
Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
Table of Contents
To the Instructor ix
To the Student xii
Part One
Word Parts and Challenging Words 1
Introduction 1
CHAPTER 1 7
Word Parts: ary, co, col, com, con, cor, il, im, in, ir, de, er, or, ist, pre, re, ex,
ing, un 7
Challenging Words: quandary, consensus, incongruous, debilitate, hedonist,
precocious, reconciliation, extricate, meandering, unethical 10
CHAPTER 2 17
Word Parts: sub, pro, fy, inter, mis, dis, ob, op, ten, tion, ed 17
Challenging Words: submissive, mollify, intervene, misnomer, dissipate, obstreperous,
tentative, correlation, alleviated, prolific 19
CHAPTER 3 26
Word Parts: able, ible, a, an, super, trans, poly, ver, log, ism, chron, post 26
Challenging Words: inevitable, apathy, superfluous, transition, polychromatic,
veracity, epilogue, nepotism, chronic, posthumously 29
CHAPTER 4 37
Word Parts: para, tele, culp, eu, ante, rect, fid, equ, pan, sym, syn 37
Challenging Words: paradigm, telepathy, culpable, euphemism, antediluvian, rectify,
infidelity, equivocal, panacea, syndrome 39
CHAPTER 5 47
Word Parts: phil, mal, spec, omni, hyper, anti, voc, vok, bi, path, ben 47
Challenging Words: philanthropy, malicious, specter, omnipotent, hypertension,
antithesis, vociferous, bilingual, empathy, benign 50
REVIEW TEST, CHAPTERS 1–5 57
v
Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
CHAPTER 6 63
Word Parts: fin, gni, gno, bell, clau, clu, ambi, amphi, less, pen, pun, intra,
intro, man, luc, lum 63
Challenging Words: finale, cognizant, belligerent, recluse, ambivalence,
dauntless, penance, elucidate, introspection, manhandle 65
CHAPTER 7 73
Word Parts: bon, boun, multi, vert, neo, ful, ous, non, aud, extra, ultra, temp,
ward 73
Challenging Words: bounteous, multifaceted, vertigo, neophyte, acrimonious,
nondescript, audible, extraneous, contemporary, wayward 75
CHAPTER 8 83
Word Parts: ann, enn, grad, gress, phon, mor, mort, pos, cap, dia, ness, hetero,
homo 83
Challenging Words: annuity, gradient, cacophony, moribund, composure,
capricious, diaphanous, blandness, heterogeneous, homogeneous 85
CHAPTER 9 93
Word Parts: contra, contro, counter, ac, claim, clam, dic, greg, terr, anthrop,
fore, se, soph 93
Challenging Words: contraband, exacerbate, clamor, malediction, gregarious,
terrain, misanthrope, foreboding, sedition, sophomoric 96
CHAPTER 10 103
Word Parts: spar, sper, peri, cred, em, en, tact, tang, macro, magn, the, pseudo,
vid, vis, gen 103
Challenging Words: disparage, peripatetic, credence, embroil, tangible,
magnanimous, monotheism, pseudonym, vis-à-vis, generic 105
REVIEW TEST, CHAPTERS 6–10 110
CHAPTER 11 119
Word Parts: domin, dys, retro, medi, be, apt, prim, al, pot, ize 119
Challenging Words: domineering, dystrophy, retrograde, medieval, bereft,
adaptation, primeval, colloquial, potable, ostracize 122
CHAPTER 12 130
Challenging Words: impeccable, ephemeral, garrulous, meticulous, nebulous,
sagacious, specious, redundant, repudiate, viable 130
CHAPTER 13 137
Challenging Words: catharsis, dearth, guile, lethargy, affinity, affluence,
dichotomy, enigma, banal, clandestine 137
vi Table of Contents
Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
CHAPTER 14 145
Challenging Words: alienation, collateral, deleterious, felicitous, hypothetical,
immutable, aberration, impunity, gullible, trepidation 145
CHAPTER 15 152
Challenging Words: debacle, deprivation, epitome, fastidious, ubiquitous, garner,
latent, ominous, pragmatic, placate 152
CHAPTER 16 160
Challenging Words: arduous, astute, blatant, covert, cull, decorum, enhance, deterrent,
exonerate, inexorable 160
CHAPTER 17 167
Challenging Words: cogent, rationalize, sordid, eclectic, usurp, inundate, germane,
perfunctory, acquiesce, nemesis 167
REVIEW TEST, CHAPTERS 11–17 175
Part Two
Academic Terms 181
Introduction 181
CHAPTER 18 182
Literary
CHAPTER 19 188
Oral Communication
CHAPTER 20 194
Psychology
CHAPTER 21 201
Sociology
CHAPTER 22 207
Social Science
REVIEW TEST, CHAPTERS 18–22 215
CHAPTER 23 219
Business and Economics
Table of Contents vii
Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
CHAPTER 24 226
Mathematics
CHAPTER 25 238
Biological Science
CHAPTER 26 250
Physical Science
CHAPTER 27 262
Criminal Justice
CHAPTER 28 271
Medical
REVIEW TEST, CHAPTERS 23–28 287
Appendix A 292
Appendix B 296
Index for Confusing Words 298
Index for Academic Terms 299
Index for Bonus Words 301
Index for Challenging Words 302
Index for Idioms Words 303
Index for Word Parts 304
viii Table of Contents
Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
To the Instructor
Teachers on all levels are aware of the close correlation that exists regarding the breadth
of students’ vocabulary and their academic performance. However, considering the
many instructional and other responsibilities teachers have, it is a challenge for them to
find adequate time to devote to vocabulary concerns. Building Vocabulary for College
was conceived and developed to help teachers provide their students with a practical,
rewarding, and time-efficient way to gain the general and specialized vocabulary they
need to flourish academically.
The word parts, challenging words, and academic terms featured in this book were
selected after consulting numerous textbooks, standardized tests, reference books,
periodicals, and college instructors and students. Building Vocabulary for College has
helped hundreds of high school, college preparatory, community college, and four-year
college students to dramatically improve their vocabularies, which in turn, has contrib-
uted to their academic success, which is its number one aim.
New to the Eighth Edition
■ Idioms to Know boxes, which should prove to be particularly helpful to students
for whom English is a second language, are now included in each chapter. (The
Mastering Confusing Words section, a popular feature in the previous edition, is
still included.)
■ The majority of the Challenging Words featured in Part One have been
replaced with words that appear in one or more editions of the Scholastic
Aptitude Test (SAT).
■ A variety of new and engaging Completing a Passage sections have been
written for this edition.
■ Valuable Bonus Word boxes are included in each of the Academic Terms
chapters.
■ Numerous revisions to words, sentences, exercises, and review tests, including
the crossword puzzles, have been made to enhance this text’s instructional value
and enjoyment for both teachers and students.
■ An updated design with attractive colors, new photos, and other selected fea-
tures enrich the text’s overall visual appeal while also adding to its instructional
utility.
■ A revised Test Bank is now available in print, and an electronic version is located
on the Instructor Companion Website for Building Vocabulary for College
ix
Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
Organizaton and Content
Each of the seventeen chapters in Part One: Word Parts and Challenging Words
features ten common word parts (prefixes, suffixes, and roots) and ten college-level
challenging words containing these word parts. Each word part and challenging word
is introduced in two sentences that offer context clues as to its meaning. Visual aids
accompanying selected words provide additional clues. A multiple-choice question
after each pair of sentences gives students an immediate opportunity to use the context
clues to determine the meaning of the word part or challenging word. Consistently
structured exercises, including matching, fill-in, multiple-choice, and close passages
provide opportunities for students to enhance and evaluate their understanding of each
word part and challenging word. Review tests are included after Chapters 1–5, 6–10,
and 11–17.
The eleven chapters in Part Two: Academic Terms include basic academic terms
presented in a wide variety of introductory humanities, science, social-science, and
mathematics courses, as well as terms associated with basic criminal justice and nurs-
ing courses. As was true of the vocabulary in Part One, each term is introduced in two
sentences that provide students with opportunities to practice using context clues, and
selected terms are accompanied with visuals. An engaging blend of exercises similar
to those in Part One reinforces definitions. Review tests are included after Chapters
18–22 and 23–28. An important academic Bonus Word is presented at the end of each
chapter in Part Two.
Both Parts One and Two feature Mastering Confusing Words and Idioms to
Know. Indexes for the word parts, challenging words, academic terms, bonus words,
mastering confusing words, and idioms to know are included at the end of the text, as
are appendices concerned with parts of speech and using the dictionary.
Ancillaries
Building Vocabulary for College Annotated Instructor’s Edition
The Building Vocabulary for College Annotated Instructor’s Edition contains on-page
answers for all of the chapter exercises in the text.
Building Vocabulary for College Instructor Website
Access through login.cengagebrain.com
The Building Vocabulary for College instructor website features suggestions for effec-
tively teaching from this text and a Test Bank of additional tests.
Building Vocabulary for College Student Website
Access through www.cengagebrain.com
The Building Vocabulary for College student website provides interactive flashcards for
vocabulary terms from the text.
x To the Instructor
Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
The Building Vocabulary for College student website provides interactive flashcards for
vocabulary terms from the text.
Acknowledgements
The Cengage Learning editorial staff provided me with expert guidance and steadfast
support, and I am most appreciative of both. I am indebted to Development Editor,
Melanie Opacki, for her support, enthusiasm, insights, professionalism, and leadership
in guiding this edition to its completion. She was indeed a pleasure to work with, and I
am grateful for her many contributions to this edition.
My gratitude continues to extend to the reviewers, colleagues, students, and editors
whose assistance made possible the previous editions. For this edition, I am especially
grateful for the following reviewers’ conscientious feedback and helpful suggestions:
Julie Engstrom, Brigham Young University
Rebecca Ingraham, St. Charles Community College
Chris Morelock, Walters State Community College
Betty Raper, Pulaski Technical College
Stephen Rizzo, Bevill State Community College
Finally, the abiding support and interest I have received from colleagues, students,
friends, and family is noted and deeply appreciated.
—R. Kent Smith
[email protected]
To the Instructor xi
Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
To the Student
Research has repeatedly revealed that a good vocabulary goes hand in hand with aca-
demic success. This book, then, is designed to help you increase your vocabulary in a
systematic, practical, and interesting way. You will probably already know some of the
word parts, challenging words, and academic terms this text contains, but most of them
will likely be unfamiliar to you. In any event, your vocabulary will be increased to a
college level as you work through the chapters.
Part One will deepen your understanding of common prefixes, suffixes, and roots
(referred to as word parts), which will then make it easier for you to decipher the care-
fully chosen challenging words that are included in this part of the book. These words
are associated with well-educated adults as well as those who have done well on the
vocabulary section of the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT).
Part Two will give you a head start in mastering the academic terms associated
with many of the introductory courses you will probably take in college.
In addition, both Parts One and Two provide you with an excellent opportunity
to learn the distinctions between words that are often confused with one another (such
as affect and effect), and to become familiar with a number of common English expres-
sions, known as idioms, that you might not know (such as Monday morning quarter-
back or to steal someone’s thunder).
I hope you will discover, as other students have, that this book contributes to your
overall academic success as this is its main goal.
—R. Kent Smith
[email protected]
xii
Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
The 12 most frequently used words in written English are:
the, of, and, a, to in, is, you, that, it, he, for
■ The English language dates back to the 400s, when Germanic tribes, including
Angles and Saxons, invaded the island that came to be known (because of the
Angles) as England. The epic poem Beowulf was written down in about 1000 in
the Anglo-Saxon language, known as Old English. Middle English developed
following the 1066 invasion of the Normans, who came from France. Geof-
frey Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales (completed in about 1400) is written in Middle
English. Modern English originated in the 16th century. The works of William
Shakespeare (1564–1616) are often cited as the beginning of Modern English.
■ Figures regarding the average American’s total vocabulary vary greatly, from
fewer than 5,000 words to more than 20,000. One major reason for this is that re-
searchers differ in the way in which they count the words. For example, if a per-
son knows the meaning of jump, some researchers assume that the person also
knows the meaning of its derivatives (jumps, jumped, jumping, jumper, jumpers,
jumpy), so they give credit for all of those words. Other researchers exclude de-
rivatives, so in the case of jump, they would give credit for only one word.
■ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog contains every letter in the Eng-
lish alphabet. (This kind of sentence is called a pangram.)
■ No words in the English language rhyme with orange, month, purple, or silver.
■ Set is the English word that has the most definitions (the Oxford English Dic-
tionary lists 192).
■ Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconioisis (a lung disease) is the lon-
gest word in the English language that appears in a major dictionary. Screeched
is the longest one-syllable English word. Rhythms is the longest English word
that does not contain a, e, i, o, or u.
■ Strength is the only eight-letter English word that contains only one vowel.
Indivisibility is the only English word in which one vowel occurs six times.
■ Almost is the shortest English word whose letters all appear in alphabetical order.
■ Bookkeeper is the only English word that contains three consecutive sets of
double letters. Deeded is the only English word consisting of two letters used
three times each.
■ Dreamt is the only English word that ends in -mt. Tremendous, horrendous, stu-
pendous, and hazardous are the only English words that end in -dous. Vacuum,
continuum, and residuum are the only English words that contain uu.
■ Queue is the only English word whose pronunciation does not change when its
last four letters are removed.
Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
Building Vocabulary for College
Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
Building Vocabulary for College
Eighth Edition
R. Kent Smith
Copyright © by Wadsworth, Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.
Australia • Brazil • Japan • Korea • Mexico • Singapore • Spain • United Kingdom • United States
Part One • iii
Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
This is an electronic version of the print textbook. Due to electronic rights restrictions, some third party content may
be suppressed. Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall
learning experience. The publisher reserves the right to remove content from this title at any time if subsequent rights
restrictions require it. For valuable information on pricing, previous editions, changes to current editions, and
alternate formats, please visit www.cengage.com/highered to search by ISBN#, author, title, or keyword for
materials in your areas of interest.
Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
Building Vocabulary for College, © 2012 Wadsworth, Cengage Learning
Eighth Edition
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright
R. Kent Smith
herein may be reproduced, transmitted, stored or used in any form or by
Publisher/Executive Editor: Lyn Uhl any means graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including but not limited to
photocopying, recording, scanning, digitizing, taping, Web distribution,
Development Editor: Melanie Opacki
information networks, or information storage and retrieval systems, except
Media Editor: Amy Gibbons as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright
Assistant Editor: Janine Tangney Act, without the prior written permission of the publisher.
Marketing Manager: Kirsten Stoller
For product information and technology assistance, contact us at
Marketing Communications Manager: Stacey Cengage Learning Customer & Sales Support, 1-800-354-9706
Purviance
Content Project Management: For permission to use material from this text or product,
PreMediaGlobal submit all requests online at cengage.com/permissions
Further permissions questions can be emailed to
Cengage Learning Art Director: Jill Ort
[email protected]
Print Buyer: Susan Spencer
Senior Image Rights Specialist: Jennifer
Library of Congress Control Number: 2010935208
Meyer Dare
Cover Designer: Steven Schirra Student Edition:
Cover Image: ©iStockphoto ISBN-10: 0-495-90636-0
Compositor: PreMediaGlobal ISBN-13: 978-0-495-90636-0
Wadsworth
20 Channel Center Street
Boston, MA 02210
USA
Cengage Learning is a leading provider of customized learning solutions
with office locations around the globe, including Singapore, the United
Kingdom, Australia, Mexico, Brazil, and Japan. Locate your local office at:
www.cengage.com/global
Cengage Learning products are represented in Canada by Nelson
Education, Ltd.
To learn more about Wadsworth, visit www.cengage.com/wadsworth
Purchase any of our products at your local college store or at our preferred
online store www.cengagebrain.com
Printed in the United States of America
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 14 13 12 11 10
Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
Table of Contents
To the Instructor ix
To the Student xii
Part One
Word Parts and Challenging Words 1
Introduction 1
CHAPTER 1 7
Word Parts: ary, co, col, com, con, cor, il, im, in, ir, de, er, or, ist, pre, re, ex,
ing, un 7
Challenging Words: quandary, consensus, incongruous, debilitate, hedonist,
precocious, reconciliation, extricate, meandering, unethical 10
CHAPTER 2 17
Word Parts: sub, pro, fy, inter, mis, dis, ob, op, ten, tion, ed 17
Challenging Words: submissive, mollify, intervene, misnomer, dissipate, obstreperous,
tentative, correlation, alleviated, prolific 19
CHAPTER 3 26
Word Parts: able, ible, a, an, super, trans, poly, ver, log, ism, chron, post 26
Challenging Words: inevitable, apathy, superfluous, transition, polychromatic,
veracity, epilogue, nepotism, chronic, posthumously 29
CHAPTER 4 37
Word Parts: para, tele, culp, eu, ante, rect, fid, equ, pan, sym, syn 37
Challenging Words: paradigm, telepathy, culpable, euphemism, antediluvian, rectify,
infidelity, equivocal, panacea, syndrome 39
CHAPTER 5 47
Word Parts: phil, mal, spec, omni, hyper, anti, voc, vok, bi, path, ben 47
Challenging Words: philanthropy, malicious, specter, omnipotent, hypertension,
antithesis, vociferous, bilingual, empathy, benign 50
REVIEW TEST, CHAPTERS 1–5 57
v
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CHAPTER 6 63
Word Parts: fin, gni, gno, bell, clau, clu, ambi, amphi, less, pen, pun, intra,
intro, man, luc, lum 63
Challenging Words: finale, cognizant, belligerent, recluse, ambivalence,
dauntless, penance, elucidate, introspection, manhandle 65
CHAPTER 7 73
Word Parts: bon, boun, multi, vert, neo, ful, ous, non, aud, extra, ultra, temp,
ward 73
Challenging Words: bounteous, multifaceted, vertigo, neophyte, acrimonious,
nondescript, audible, extraneous, contemporary, wayward 75
CHAPTER 8 83
Word Parts: ann, enn, grad, gress, phon, mor, mort, pos, cap, dia, ness, hetero,
homo 83
Challenging Words: annuity, gradient, cacophony, moribund, composure,
capricious, diaphanous, blandness, heterogeneous, homogeneous 85
CHAPTER 9 93
Word Parts: contra, contro, counter, ac, claim, clam, dic, greg, terr, anthrop,
fore, se, soph 93
Challenging Words: contraband, exacerbate, clamor, malediction, gregarious,
terrain, misanthrope, foreboding, sedition, sophomoric 96
CHAPTER 10 103
Word Parts: spar, sper, peri, cred, em, en, tact, tang, macro, magn, the, pseudo,
vid, vis, gen 103
Challenging Words: disparage, peripatetic, credence, embroil, tangible,
magnanimous, monotheism, pseudonym, vis-à-vis, generic 105
REVIEW TEST, CHAPTERS 6–10 110
CHAPTER 11 119
Word Parts: domin, dys, retro, medi, be, apt, prim, al, pot, ize 119
Challenging Words: domineering, dystrophy, retrograde, medieval, bereft,
adaptation, primeval, colloquial, potable, ostracize 122
CHAPTER 12 130
Challenging Words: impeccable, ephemeral, garrulous, meticulous, nebulous,
sagacious, specious, redundant, repudiate, viable 130
CHAPTER 13 137
Challenging Words: catharsis, dearth, guile, lethargy, affinity, affluence,
dichotomy, enigma, banal, clandestine 137
vi Table of Contents
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CHAPTER 14 145
Challenging Words: alienation, collateral, deleterious, felicitous, hypothetical,
immutable, aberration, impunity, gullible, trepidation 145
CHAPTER 15 152
Challenging Words: debacle, deprivation, epitome, fastidious, ubiquitous, garner,
latent, ominous, pragmatic, placate 152
CHAPTER 16 160
Challenging Words: arduous, astute, blatant, covert, cull, decorum, enhance, deterrent,
exonerate, inexorable 160
CHAPTER 17 167
Challenging Words: cogent, rationalize, sordid, eclectic, usurp, inundate, germane,
perfunctory, acquiesce, nemesis 167
REVIEW TEST, CHAPTERS 11–17 175
Part Two
Academic Terms 181
Introduction 181
CHAPTER 18 182
Literary
CHAPTER 19 188
Oral Communication
CHAPTER 20 194
Psychology
CHAPTER 21 201
Sociology
CHAPTER 22 207
Social Science
REVIEW TEST, CHAPTERS 18–22 215
CHAPTER 23 219
Business and Economics
Table of Contents vii
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CHAPTER 24 226
Mathematics
CHAPTER 25 238
Biological Science
CHAPTER 26 250
Physical Science
CHAPTER 27 262
Criminal Justice
CHAPTER 28 271
Medical
REVIEW TEST, CHAPTERS 23–28 287
Appendix A 292
Appendix B 296
Index for Confusing Words 298
Index for Academic Terms 299
Index for Bonus Words 301
Index for Challenging Words 302
Index for Idioms Words 303
Index for Word Parts 304
viii Table of Contents
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To the Instructor
Teachers on all levels are aware of the close correlation that exists regarding the breadth
of students’ vocabulary and their academic performance. However, considering the
many instructional and other responsibilities teachers have, it is a challenge for them to
find adequate time to devote to vocabulary concerns. Building Vocabulary for College
was conceived and developed to help teachers provide their students with a practical,
rewarding, and time-efficient way to gain the general and specialized vocabulary they
need to flourish academically.
The word parts, challenging words, and academic terms featured in this book were
selected after consulting numerous textbooks, standardized tests, reference books,
periodicals, and college instructors and students. Building Vocabulary for College has
helped hundreds of high school, college preparatory, community college, and four-year
college students to dramatically improve their vocabularies, which in turn, has contrib-
uted to their academic success, which is its number one aim.
New to the Eighth Edition
■ Idioms to Know boxes, which should prove to be particularly helpful to students
for whom English is a second language, are now included in each chapter. (The
Mastering Confusing Words section, a popular feature in the previous edition, is
still included.)
■ The majority of the Challenging Words featured in Part One have been
replaced with words that appear in one or more editions of the Scholastic
Aptitude Test (SAT).
■ A variety of new and engaging Completing a Passage sections have been
written for this edition.
■ Valuable Bonus Word boxes are included in each of the Academic Terms
chapters.
■ Numerous revisions to words, sentences, exercises, and review tests, including
the crossword puzzles, have been made to enhance this text’s instructional value
and enjoyment for both teachers and students.
■ An updated design with attractive colors, new photos, and other selected fea-
tures enrich the text’s overall visual appeal while also adding to its instructional
utility.
■ A revised Test Bank is now available in print, and an electronic version is located
on the Instructor Companion Website for Building Vocabulary for College
ix
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Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
Organizaton and Content
Each of the seventeen chapters in Part One: Word Parts and Challenging Words
features ten common word parts (prefixes, suffixes, and roots) and ten college-level
challenging words containing these word parts. Each word part and challenging word
is introduced in two sentences that offer context clues as to its meaning. Visual aids
accompanying selected words provide additional clues. A multiple-choice question
after each pair of sentences gives students an immediate opportunity to use the context
clues to determine the meaning of the word part or challenging word. Consistently
structured exercises, including matching, fill-in, multiple-choice, and close passages
provide opportunities for students to enhance and evaluate their understanding of each
word part and challenging word. Review tests are included after Chapters 1–5, 6–10,
and 11–17.
The eleven chapters in Part Two: Academic Terms include basic academic terms
presented in a wide variety of introductory humanities, science, social-science, and
mathematics courses, as well as terms associated with basic criminal justice and nurs-
ing courses. As was true of the vocabulary in Part One, each term is introduced in two
sentences that provide students with opportunities to practice using context clues, and
selected terms are accompanied with visuals. An engaging blend of exercises similar
to those in Part One reinforces definitions. Review tests are included after Chapters
18–22 and 23–28. An important academic Bonus Word is presented at the end of each
chapter in Part Two.
Both Parts One and Two feature Mastering Confusing Words and Idioms to
Know. Indexes for the word parts, challenging words, academic terms, bonus words,
mastering confusing words, and idioms to know are included at the end of the text, as
are appendices concerned with parts of speech and using the dictionary.
Ancillaries
Building Vocabulary for College Annotated Instructor’s Edition
The Building Vocabulary for College Annotated Instructor’s Edition contains on-page
answers for all of the chapter exercises in the text.
Building Vocabulary for College Instructor Website
Access through login.cengagebrain.com
The Building Vocabulary for College instructor website features suggestions for effec-
tively teaching from this text and a Test Bank of additional tests.
Building Vocabulary for College Student Website
Access through www.cengagebrain.com
The Building Vocabulary for College student website provides interactive flashcards for
vocabulary terms from the text.
x To the Instructor
Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
The Building Vocabulary for College student website provides interactive flashcards for
vocabulary terms from the text.
Acknowledgements
The Cengage Learning editorial staff provided me with expert guidance and steadfast
support, and I am most appreciative of both. I am indebted to Development Editor,
Melanie Opacki, for her support, enthusiasm, insights, professionalism, and leadership
in guiding this edition to its completion. She was indeed a pleasure to work with, and I
am grateful for her many contributions to this edition.
My gratitude continues to extend to the reviewers, colleagues, students, and editors
whose assistance made possible the previous editions. For this edition, I am especially
grateful for the following reviewers’ conscientious feedback and helpful suggestions:
Julie Engstrom, Brigham Young University
Rebecca Ingraham, St. Charles Community College
Chris Morelock, Walters State Community College
Betty Raper, Pulaski Technical College
Stephen Rizzo, Bevill State Community College
Finally, the abiding support and interest I have received from colleagues, students,
friends, and family is noted and deeply appreciated.
—R. Kent Smith
[email protected]
To the Instructor xi
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Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
To the Student
Research has repeatedly revealed that a good vocabulary goes hand in hand with aca-
demic success. This book, then, is designed to help you increase your vocabulary in a
systematic, practical, and interesting way. You will probably already know some of the
word parts, challenging words, and academic terms this text contains, but most of them
will likely be unfamiliar to you. In any event, your vocabulary will be increased to a
college level as you work through the chapters.
Part One will deepen your understanding of common prefixes, suffixes, and roots
(referred to as word parts), which will then make it easier for you to decipher the care-
fully chosen challenging words that are included in this part of the book. These words
are associated with well-educated adults as well as those who have done well on the
vocabulary section of the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT).
Part Two will give you a head start in mastering the academic terms associated
with many of the introductory courses you will probably take in college.
In addition, both Parts One and Two provide you with an excellent opportunity
to learn the distinctions between words that are often confused with one another (such
as affect and effect), and to become familiar with a number of common English expres-
sions, known as idioms, that you might not know (such as Monday morning quarter-
back or to steal someone’s thunder).
I hope you will discover, as other students have, that this book contributes to your
overall academic success as this is its main goal.
—R. Kent Smith
[email protected]
xii
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Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.